23
Sat, Nov
1 New Articles
  1. You are here:  
  2. Home
  3. Programming
  4. RPG
  5. TechTip: XLATE and Character String Manipulation

TechTip: XLATE and Character String Manipulation

RPG
Typography
  • Smaller Small Medium Big Bigger
  • Default Helvetica Segoe Georgia Times

Manipulate and protect data quickly and easily.

 

There are many ways in modern RPG/RPGLE to manipulate data: BIFs, data structures, whole programs. This TechTip demonstrates examples of character string manipulations with XLATE operation code.

 

This is how XLATE works according to the IBM ILE RPG Language Reference:

"Characters in the source string (factor 2) are translated according to the From and To strings (both in factor 1) and put into a receiver field (result field). Source characters with a match in the From string are translated to corresponding characters in the To string. The From, To, Source, and Target strings must be of the same type."

 

Note that XLATE works only in fixed-format programs, and of course data should be consistent.

 

Programs reformat character strings by changing the ToFmt field.

 

   *   XLATE Example for character string manipulation         

  D FrFmt           s         11A   inz('ABCDEFGHIJK')          

  D ToFmt           s         11A                               

  D FrSsn           s         11A   inz('111-25-7890')          

  D ToSsa           s         11A                               

  D ToSsn           s         11A                                

   *                                                                

   *     From 111-25-7890 to 9871-52-101                            

  C                   Eval      ToFmt='JIHCDFEGAKB'                 

  C     FrFmt:FrSsn   xlate     ToFmt         ToSsa                 

  C     ToSsa         Dsply                                         

  C                   clear                   FrSsn                 

   *     From 9871-52-101 to 111-25-7890                            

   *                  Eval      ToFmt=FrFMT                         

  C     ToFmt:ToSsa   XLATE     FrFmt         FrSsn                 

  C     FrSsn         Dsply                                         

   *                                                                

  C                   Eval      *Inlr=*on

     

 

   *   XLATE Example for numeric values            

   *                                                                        

  D FrSsn           S              9S 0 INZ(912345670)

  D FrFmt           S              9A   INZ('ABCDEFGHJ')

  D FaSsn           S              9A

  D ToSsn           S             11A

  D ToFmt           S             11A

   *

   * From 912345670  To  912-34-5670

  C                   Eval      ToFmt='ABC-DE-FGHJ'                         

  C                   Eval      FaSsn=%char(FrSsn)

  C     FrFmt:FaSsn   xlate     ToFmt         ToSsn

  C                   Clear                   ToFmt

  C                   Clear                   ToSsn

   * From 912345670  To  567-43-9120

  C                   Eval      ToFmt='FGH-ED-ABCJ'                         

  C     FrFmt:FaSsn   xlate     ToFmt         ToSsn

  C                   Clear                   ToFmt

  C                   Clear                   ToSsn

   * From 912345670  To  91-2X5-375Y where  X and Y  are unknown

  C                   Eval      ToFmt='AB-CXF-DHEY'                         

  C     FrFmt:FaSsn   xlate     ToFmt         ToSsn

   *

  C                   Eval      *Inlr=*on

 

I've used this technique for a long time for doing quick data conversions, recreating data files from reports with heavily used edit codes and edit words, and protecting sensitive data (ID, accounts, SSN) when creating subsets of data for testing purposes. Just make sure that related files follow the same formatting values.

 

The From and To format values can be stored in a data area, in cross-reference files keyed by application, or even in message files. Code by itself can be used as Copybook, procedures, subroutines, or standalone programs.  You can use any special characters (e.g., #, ^, &, etc.) to set formats. By switching From and To fields, you can reformat data back to its original view, as shown in the first example.

 

Because XLATE operates on a character-by-character basis and continues character by character from left to right, X and Y in the last example will be "plugged in" to the result field without translation. You can reformat numeric values (integers) utilizing the same technique by converting it to character, executing XLATE for specific ToFmt values, and converting back to numeric via %dec or %int BIFs.

 

FYI, this code was tested and executed on V5R4.

as/400, os/400, iseries, system i, i5/os, ibm i, power systems, 6.1, 7.1, V7, V6R1

 

Issak Brender

Issak Brender has been developing and supporting RPG applications since 1993. He has worked in the retail, health care, manufacturing, and pharmaceutical industries.

 

He is currently between assignments and will answer questions accordingly.
BLOG COMMENTS POWERED BY DISQUS

LATEST COMMENTS

Support MC Press Online

$

Book Reviews

Resource Center

  • SB Profound WC 5536 Have you been wondering about Node.js? Our free Node.js Webinar Series takes you from total beginner to creating a fully-functional IBM i Node.js business application. You can find Part 1 here. In Part 2 of our free Node.js Webinar Series, Brian May teaches you the different tooling options available for writing code, debugging, and using Git for version control. Brian will briefly discuss the different tools available, and demonstrate his preferred setup for Node development on IBM i or any platform. Attend this webinar to learn:

  • SB Profound WP 5539More than ever, there is a demand for IT to deliver innovation. Your IBM i has been an essential part of your business operations for years. However, your organization may struggle to maintain the current system and implement new projects. The thousands of customers we've worked with and surveyed state that expectations regarding the digital footprint and vision of the company are not aligned with the current IT environment.

  • SB HelpSystems ROBOT Generic IBM announced the E1080 servers using the latest Power10 processor in September 2021. The most powerful processor from IBM to date, Power10 is designed to handle the demands of doing business in today’s high-tech atmosphere, including running cloud applications, supporting big data, and managing AI workloads. But what does Power10 mean for your data center? In this recorded webinar, IBMers Dan Sundt and Dylan Boday join IBM Power Champion Tom Huntington for a discussion on why Power10 technology is the right strategic investment if you run IBM i, AIX, or Linux. In this action-packed hour, Tom will share trends from the IBM i and AIX user communities while Dan and Dylan dive into the tech specs for key hardware, including:

  • Magic MarkTRY the one package that solves all your document design and printing challenges on all your platforms. Produce bar code labels, electronic forms, ad hoc reports, and RFID tags – without programming! MarkMagic is the only document design and print solution that combines report writing, WYSIWYG label and forms design, and conditional printing in one integrated product. Make sure your data survives when catastrophe hits. Request your trial now!  Request Now.

  • SB HelpSystems ROBOT GenericForms of ransomware has been around for over 30 years, and with more and more organizations suffering attacks each year, it continues to endure. What has made ransomware such a durable threat and what is the best way to combat it? In order to prevent ransomware, organizations must first understand how it works.

  • SB HelpSystems ROBOT GenericIT security is a top priority for businesses around the world, but most IBM i pros don’t know where to begin—and most cybersecurity experts don’t know IBM i. In this session, Robin Tatam explores the business impact of lax IBM i security, the top vulnerabilities putting IBM i at risk, and the steps you can take to protect your organization. If you’re looking to avoid unexpected downtime or corrupted data, you don’t want to miss this session.

  • SB HelpSystems ROBOT GenericCan you trust all of your users all of the time? A typical end user receives 16 malicious emails each month, but only 17 percent of these phishing campaigns are reported to IT. Once an attack is underway, most organizations won’t discover the breach until six months later. A staggering amount of damage can occur in that time. Despite these risks, 93 percent of organizations are leaving their IBM i systems vulnerable to cybercrime. In this on-demand webinar, IBM i security experts Robin Tatam and Sandi Moore will reveal:

  • FORTRA Disaster protection is vital to every business. Yet, it often consists of patched together procedures that are prone to error. From automatic backups to data encryption to media management, Robot automates the routine (yet often complex) tasks of iSeries backup and recovery, saving you time and money and making the process safer and more reliable. Automate your backups with the Robot Backup and Recovery Solution. Key features include:

  • FORTRAManaging messages on your IBM i can be more than a full-time job if you have to do it manually. Messages need a response and resources must be monitored—often over multiple systems and across platforms. How can you be sure you won’t miss important system events? Automate your message center with the Robot Message Management Solution. Key features include:

  • FORTRAThe thought of printing, distributing, and storing iSeries reports manually may reduce you to tears. Paper and labor costs associated with report generation can spiral out of control. Mountains of paper threaten to swamp your files. Robot automates report bursting, distribution, bundling, and archiving, and offers secure, selective online report viewing. Manage your reports with the Robot Report Management Solution. Key features include:

  • FORTRAFor over 30 years, Robot has been a leader in systems management for IBM i. With batch job creation and scheduling at its core, the Robot Job Scheduling Solution reduces the opportunity for human error and helps you maintain service levels, automating even the biggest, most complex runbooks. Manage your job schedule with the Robot Job Scheduling Solution. Key features include:

  • LANSA Business users want new applications now. Market and regulatory pressures require faster application updates and delivery into production. Your IBM i developers may be approaching retirement, and you see no sure way to fill their positions with experienced developers. In addition, you may be caught between maintaining your existing applications and the uncertainty of moving to something new.

  • LANSAWhen it comes to creating your business applications, there are hundreds of coding platforms and programming languages to choose from. These options range from very complex traditional programming languages to Low-Code platforms where sometimes no traditional coding experience is needed. Download our whitepaper, The Power of Writing Code in a Low-Code Solution, and:

  • LANSASupply Chain is becoming increasingly complex and unpredictable. From raw materials for manufacturing to food supply chains, the journey from source to production to delivery to consumers is marred with inefficiencies, manual processes, shortages, recalls, counterfeits, and scandals. In this webinar, we discuss how:

  • The MC Resource Centers bring you the widest selection of white papers, trial software, and on-demand webcasts for you to choose from. >> Review the list of White Papers, Trial Software or On-Demand Webcast at the MC Press Resource Center. >> Add the items to yru Cart and complet he checkout process and submit

  • Profound Logic Have you been wondering about Node.js? Our free Node.js Webinar Series takes you from total beginner to creating a fully-functional IBM i Node.js business application.

  • SB Profound WC 5536Join us for this hour-long webcast that will explore:

  • Fortra IT managers hoping to find new IBM i talent are discovering that the pool of experienced RPG programmers and operators or administrators with intimate knowledge of the operating system and the applications that run on it is small. This begs the question: How will you manage the platform that supports such a big part of your business? This guide offers strategies and software suggestions to help you plan IT staffing and resources and smooth the transition after your AS/400 talent retires. Read on to learn: