If you still write code as you did 20 years ago or have RPG ILE on your resume but don't actually use ILE, this is for you. This series will help you transition to RPG ILE by explaining the concepts of ILE, including the pros and cons.

I like it when my readers reach out to me with questions about my articles; every writer does. It means people are actually reading and trying to use the stuff I write about. However, I've noticed more and more that the questions are not about the Tips per se: they're about the foundations that every RPG programmer—whether novice or expert with 20 years of experience—should know. This TechTip series will (hopefully) guide the reader on a quest for better programming. Better skills, better standards, and most of all, more-efficient code. So, without further ado, let's get started!

From Old Problematic Monoliths to Innovative Light and Efficient Programs

The Original Program Model (OPM), or do-it-all-in-one-program model, has been around for many years. It served our purposes for many years (and it still does, in certain conditions), but it's rather limitative and inefficient. It leads to problematic monoliths of code—huge programs that have to handle the screen interaction, database operations, and report generation. Even if it's well-structured and commented, it can get very messy because the program is going to get huge. The worst part is, if you have a similar situation (same business rule or DB operation, for instance) in another program, you'll probably have the same code repeated in two programs.

ILE came to help with that: it provides a lighter way to build programs by allowing the re-usage of code, instead of its repetition. In other words, the shared code between programs that I mentioned earlier exists separately from the programs and in only one place. The programs will use that code as if it were its own. This allows the developer to construct the programs a bit like playing with Lego: use a building block to write a record, use another to check a business rule, use yet another to print a report, and so on.

But don't take my word about the virtues of ILE; let IBM convince you! According to the IBM manual ILE Concepts, the main advantages of ILE are:

• Modularity—Smaller, reusable pieces of code have shorter compile times and are easier to maintain. Smaller, specific functions (even if they were written in a style different than your own) are easier to understand and adapt. This also means that it's easier to test (from personal experience, let me tell you that this is not always true; I'll explain later). And finally, the work can be divided: each programmer can write a "building block" instead of the complete program.
• Reusable Components—As previously stated, ILE allows you to reuse pieces of code to build your programs. What you might not know is that these pieces of code can be written in other programming languages, such as COBOL, C, C++, and CL! Theoretically, this allows you to access a wider range of routines, providing the best each language has to offer. Again, I don't totally agree with this one; an RPG shop has RPG programmers. It might have someone who knows a little C, but that might not be enough to justify using C modules in your applications, because if that programmer leaves, the shop has a hot potato in its hands: code it can no longer maintain.
• Common Runtime Services—IBM supplies a very nice set of off-the-shelf components that you can incorporate into your applications. These components provide message handling, date and time manipulation, math routines, dynamic storage allocations, and greater control over screen handling. Again, from my experience, this is extremely useful. Not only are the tools ready to use; they're also well-documented in IBM manuals.
• Source Debugger—Every OPM programmer's worst nightmare is debugging a huge program with the Interactive Source Debugger. ILE brings forward a brilliant and simple debugger that turns that nightmare into a pleasant dream. (I'll talk about the debugger in a future TechTip.)

Those are just some of the main advantages, and I've intentionally left out the more complex. They'll be addressed later with examples.

It should now be easy to understand why every programmer should embrace ILE as soon as possible. This TechTip series will help you do that. In the next TechTip, I'll talk about some basic module, service program, and program concepts.

Rafael Victória-Pereira has more than 20 years of IBM i experience as a programmer, analyst, and manager. Over that period, he has been an active voice in the IBM i community, encouraging and helping programmers transition to ILE and free-format RPG. Rafael has written more than 100 technical articles about topics ranging from interfaces (the topic for his first book, Flexible Input, Dazzling Output with IBM i) to modern RPG and SQL in his popular RPG Academy and SQL 101 series on mcpressonline.com and in his books Evolve Your RPG Coding and SQL for IBM i: A Database Modernization Guide. Rafael writes in an easy-to-read, practical style that is highly popular with his audience of IBM technology professionals.

Rafael is the Deputy IT Director - Infrastructures and Services at the Luis Simões Group in Portugal. His areas of expertise include programming in the IBM i native languages (RPG, CL, and DB2 SQL) and in "modern" programming languages, such as Java, C#, and Python, as well as project management and consultancy.

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MC Press books written by Rafael Victória-Pereira available now on the MC Press Bookstore.

		Evolve Your RPG Coding: Move from OPM to ILE...and Beyond Transition to modern RPG programming with this step-by-step guide through ILE and free-format RPG, SQL, and modernization techniques. List Price $79.95 Now On Sale
		Flexible Input, Dazzling Output with IBM i Uncover easier, more flexible ways to get data into your system, plus some methods for exporting and presenting the vital business data it contains. List Price $79.95 Now On Sale
		SQL for IBM i: A Database Modernization Guide Learn how to use SQL’s capabilities to modernize and enhance your IBM i database. List Price $79.95 Now On Sale