You spend years with a command, getting to know it, watching it do its job, and just when you think you understand it—bang! —there's yet another surprise. CVTDAT and I went way back, to my System/38 days. We had enjoyed a good working relationship. I used it mostly to convert dates between the MMDDYY format—to which the users were accustomed—and the YYMMDD and YYYYMMDD formats used in the database files. I would also call upon CVTDAT to verify that the value of a variable was a valid date. I thought I understood CVTDAT. God knows I tried.
And then one day, I learned that there is a very good reason why CVTDAT has no FROMSEP parameter: It doesn't need one. But, of course, there's more to the story than that. If you find yourself in a relationship with CVTDAT, here are some things you really should know.
1. There is no FROMSEP parameter because the value to be converted may be edited or not. According to the Help text, CVTDAT allows you a choice of separator characters: period, comma, slash, and hyphen. What the help text doesn't say is that you may also use a single space character as a separator. Therefore, CVTDAT lets you express the date January 28, 2000, in any of these ways on a MMDDYY system:
012800
01.28.00
01,28,00
01/28/00
01-28-00
01 28 00
2. You may omit the leading zeros of the month, day, and year portions of edited dates. The following are some acceptable ways to express January 2, 2003, on a system defined to use MMDDYY date format.
01/02/03
1/2/3
1/2/03
1/02/03
3. You may use the same five editing characters in the TOSEP parameter that are acceptable to the DATE parameter. Specify *BLANK in order to separate the different parts of a date with single spaces. The fact that a blank delimiter is permitted is documented in the Help text.
4. The TOSEP parameter does not apply to—and is ignored when converting to—*ISO/*JIS, *USA, and *EUR formats, for which editing is already defined. *ISO and *JIS are identical. Both use hyphens to edit in YYYY-MM-DD format. *USA uses the slash to edit in MM/DD/YYYY format. *EUR uses the period to edit in DD.MM.YYYY format.
5. Trailing blanks are OK, but leading blanks are a no-no. This applies to both edited and unedited dates. As long as the date is left-justified within the variable, CVTDAT does not care how long the variable is.
DCL &FromDate *CHAR 16
DCL &ToDate *CHAR 6
CVTDAT DATE(&FromDate) TOVAR(&ToDate) +
FROMFMT(*YMD) TOFMT(*MDY) TOSEP(*NONE)
DCL &ToDate *CHAR 6
CVTDAT DATE(&FromDate) TOVAR(&ToDate) +
FROMFMT(*YMD) TOFMT(*MDY) TOSEP(*NONE)
If &FromDate has the value 3/6/4 followed by 11 blanks, &ToDate takes the value 060403. If &ToDate had been defined with a longer length, the seventh and subsequent bytes would have been filled with blanks.
Thus I learned that, in addition to converting and verifying dates, CVTDAT can edit and de-edit them. How much more would you like to know about CVTDAT, Mr. or Ms. Inquiring Mind? I'll leave it to you to get better acquainted.
Ted Holt has worked in the information industry since 1981, primarily with IBM midrange systems. He is the author of Complete CL and Power CL, both of which are available from the MC Store. (He has aged a few years since that photo was made).
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